Emerald mines, Wadi Nugrus, Red Sea Governorate, Egypti
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Emerald mines | Mine |
Wadi Nugrus | Wadi |
Red Sea Governorate | Governorate |
Egypt | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
24° 37' 0'' North , 34° 46' 44'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Marsa Alam | 10,000 (2014) | 50.9km |
Mindat Locality ID:
127450
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:127450:2
GUID (UUID V4):
f9ba6c92-b26b-4b13-bd49-026c936d9e7e
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Wadi Nuqrus
The following description of the locality can be found in Shaw & Bunbury (2003):
"Wadi Nuqrus (6th - 9th centuries AD)
The Wadi Nuqrus mines and settlement (34Β° 48.98' E, 24Β° 37.27' N) are located on the east side of the Wadi Nuqrus, a few kilometres to the north of Wadi Gimal B. The mines in the Wadi Nuqrus were far more extensive and richer in emeralds than the two Wadi Gimal mines, and were therefore presumably exploited over a longer period. There would thus have been more incentive to invest in the settlement. On the northern side of the wadi, the buildings are situated over a band of metamorphosed sandy material that marks the upper limit of this part of the site.
Unfortunately, the geological context in which the emeralds formed in the Wadi Nuqrus mines has proved somewhat difficult to elucidate, given the fact that the location in which they formed (just below the main area of settlement) is now almost entirely covered by the miners' tip heaps, each consisting of a central depression surrounded by debris. It seems, however, that the lode formed an inclined slab parallel to the surface of the hill. This slab appears to have been worked from the bottom of the slope upwards, and the discarded material would thus have been tipped back onto the already exhausted workings. The dimensions of the tips 3 to 4m wide and about 2m deep - are much greater than those at Wadi Gimal A and B, and there is no evidence for the two-tier tipping described at the Wadi Gimal sites. Grains of emerald and clasts containing emerald are common among the tips, and the great variation in the size of the clasts (ranging from pieces with a width of 20cm to fine grains of sand) suggests that the minerals were extracted in one stage. On the south side of the wadi there are fewer tips and some indications of ancient excavation of the rock, consisting of a number of pits and a tunnel, focusing on the margins of a quartz band about one metre thick at the bottom of the hillside. A small rockfall shows that part of the hillside had been undermined, and a thick quartz band rises to the crest of the ridge northwest of the area of undermining. In the immediate proximity of the quartz band, two pits have been excavated, and to the east of these, large slabs of schist have been partly exposed."
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
29 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
β 'Allanite Group' Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
β 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) References: |
β Atacamite Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl |
β Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
β Autunite Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
β Baryte Formula: BaSO4 |
β Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) References: |
β Beryl var. Emerald Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) References: |
β 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 References: |
β Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
β Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 |
β 'Chlorite Group' |
β Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
β 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' |
β 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' References: |
β Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
β 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' |
β 'Fergusonite' |
β Fluorite Formula: CaF2 References: |
β Galena Formula: PbS |
β 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Gold Formula: Au |
β Graphite Formula: C |
β Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
β 'Hornblende Root Name Group' Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
β Ishikawaite Formula: U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
β Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
β Kasolite Formula: Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O |
β 'K Feldspar' |
β Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 |
β Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 References: |
β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
β 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 |
β Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
β Rutile Formula: TiO2 |
β 'Synchysite' Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
β Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
β Thorite Formula: Th(SiO4) |
β Thorite var. Uranothorite Formula: (Th,U)SiO4 |
β Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O |
β 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
β Uraninite Formula: UO2 |
β Uranophane Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O References: |
β 'Xenotime' |
β Zincite Formula: ZnO |
β Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
β | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
β | Graphite | 1.CB.05a | C |
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
β | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
Group 3 - Halides | |||
β | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
β | Atacamite | 3.DA.10a | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
β | Zincite | 4.AB.20 | ZnO |
β | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
β | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
β | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
β | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
β | Ishikawaite | 4.DB.25 | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
β | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
β | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
β | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
β | Autunite | 8.EB.05 | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 Β· 10-12H2O |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
β | Thorite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
β | var. Uranothorite | 9.AD.30 | (Th,U)SiO4 |
β | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
β | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
β | Uranophane | 9.AK.15 | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 Β· 5H2O |
β | Kasolite | 9.AK.15 | Pb(UO2)(SiO4) Β· H2O |
β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
β | Beryl var. Emerald | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
β | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | |
β | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
β | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
β | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Unclassified | |||
β | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' | - | β»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
β | 'Fergusonite' | - | |
β | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
β | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
β | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
β | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
β | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
β | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
β | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
β | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
β | 'Synchysite' | - | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
β | 'Xenotime' | - | |
β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
β | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
H | β Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
H | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
H | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
H | β Kasolite | Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O |
H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
H | β Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
H | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
H | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Be | Beryllium | |
Be | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
B | Boron | |
B | β Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
C | Carbon | |
C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | β Graphite | C |
C | β Magnesite | MgCO3 |
C | β Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
O | Oxygen | |
O | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
O | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
O | β Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
O | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
O | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
O | β Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
O | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
O | β Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
O | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
O | β Kasolite | Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O |
O | β Magnesite | MgCO3 |
O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β Rutile | TiO2 |
O | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
O | β Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
O | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
O | β Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | β Uraninite | UO2 |
O | β Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
O | β Zincite | ZnO |
O | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
O | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
O | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
O | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
O | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
O | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
O | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
F | Fluorine | |
F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
F | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
F | β Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
F | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Mg | β Magnesite | MgCO3 |
Mg | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Al | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Al | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Al | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Si | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Si | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
Si | β Kasolite | Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O |
Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Si | β Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
Si | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Si | β Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
Si | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
Si | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Si | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
Si | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | β Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
S | Sulfur | |
S | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
S | β Galena | PbS |
S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
Cl | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
K | Potassium | |
K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Ca | β Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Ca | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
Ca | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ca | β Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
Ca | β Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
Ca | β Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
Ca | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Ti | β Rutile | TiO2 |
Ti | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Cr | Chromium | |
Cr | β Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Fe | β Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
Fe | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Fe | β Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | β Atacamite | Cu2(OH)3Cl |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | β Zincite | ZnO |
Y | Yttrium | |
Y | β Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Nb | Niobium | |
Nb | β Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
Sn | Tin | |
Sn | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
Ba | Barium | |
Ba | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
Ce | Cerium | |
Ce | β Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
Nd | Neodymium | |
Nd | β Synchysite | Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F |
Au | Gold | |
Au | β Gold | Au |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | β Galena | PbS |
Pb | β Kasolite | Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O |
Th | Thorium | |
Th | β Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
Th | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
U | Uranium | |
U | β Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
U | β Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
U | β Kasolite | Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O |
U | β Uraninite | UO2 |
U | β Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
U | β Thorite var. Uranothorite | (Th,U)SiO4 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
African PlateTectonic Plate
Egypt
- Eastern DesertDesert
- Red Sea Governorate
- Emerald mining districtGroup of Mines
North Africa
- Sahara DesertDesert
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