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Esperanza Mine [new] (Esperanza pit; Esperanza open pit mines; West Esperanza Mine), Pima Mining District (Olive Mining District; Mineral Hill Mining District; Twin Buttes Mining District), Sierrita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, USAi
Regional Level Types
Esperanza Mine [new] (Esperanza pit; Esperanza open pit mines; West Esperanza Mine)- not defined -
Pima Mining District (Olive Mining District; Mineral Hill Mining District; Twin Buttes Mining District)Mining District
Sierrita MountainsMountain Range
Pima CountyCounty
ArizonaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
31° 52' 4'' North , 111° 7' 44'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
31.86778,-111.12889
GeoHash:
G#: 9t8vr1q7m
GRN:
N22W67
Köppen climate type:
BSk : Cold semi-arid (steppe) climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Green Valley21,391 (2011)12.8km
Arivaca Junction1,090 (2011)16.9km
Amado295 (2011)18.8km
Sahuarita25,707 (2017)19.2km
East Sahuarita1,622 (2006)20.7km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Old Pueblo Lapidary ClubTucson, Arizona44km
Tucson Gem and Mineral SocietyTucson, Arizona44km
Mindat Locality ID:
11013
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:11013:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0e40af35-e981-4c50-8e60-c693caf3a164


A former large Cu-Mo-Ag-Au-Pb-Zn (U) occurrence/mine located in the SE¼ sec. 8, the NW¼ sec. 16 & the NE¼ sec. 17, T18S, R12E. (Batamote Hills 7.5 minute topo map), 4½ miles SW of Twin Buttes and 48 km S of Tucson on private property. Discovered by P.H. Chambers in 1895. Produced 1959-1986. Owned at times, or in part, by the Duval Sulphur & Potash Co.; and the Duval Corp. (a Pennzoil subsidiary). Closed December, 1981.

Mineralization is an ovate, massive ore body comprised of disseminated copper sulfides, oxides, and carbonates with molybdenite and minor lead and zinc minerals, and traces of torbernite in brecciated, fissured, and jointed, strongly altered Laramide intrusive complex of quartz latite to andesite invading Triassic to Cretaceous volcanics. Ore control was faults which controlled the upward movement of hypogene and downward movement of supergene metallization. Ore concentration was supergene enrichment. Metallization occurred during several intrusive pulses and alteration. Alteration included clay (moderate to intense), quartz-sericite-K feldspar argillation, silicification, and biotite. An associated rock unit is the Ruby Star Quartz Monzonite Porphyry and the Ox Frame Volcanics. The ore body is 1,280.16 meters long, 701.04 meters wide, depth to top of 30.48 meters, depth to bottom 158.5 meters and 128.02 meters thick.

Local structures include a broad NW-trending shear zone. Faults trending NE-ENE, and dipping NW and SE; NW-NNW, dipping NE and SW; N-S, and dipping E and W.

Workings were open pit operations at 1,280 meters long by 609.6 meters wide. From 1959 through 1972, some 59,000,000 tons of ore averaging about 0.5% Cu, 0.017% Mo, 0.04 oz. Ag/T and minor Au, Zn, & Pb have been produced. Ore grade has averaged 0.5% Cu and 0.028% Mo since the start of operation.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


39 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Description: Occurs in veinlets with or without turquoise in the oxidized capping over the sulfide orebody.
ⓘ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Description: Occurs as an extensive enrichment blanket.
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘ Copper
Formula: Cu
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
ⓘ Enargite
Formula: Cu3AsS4
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Ferrimolybdite
Formula: Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Description: Occurs in the New Year's Eve Breccia.
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Lindgrenite
Formula: Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Description: Very sparse.
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
Description: Occurs in the New Year's Eve Breccia.
ⓘ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Description: Occurs in nepheline syenite in an exploratory drill hole.
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
Description: Tungsten-rich material occurring in the New Year's Eve Breccia.
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Description: Found in drill core in 1967.
ⓘ Tenorite
Formula: CuO
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘ Torbernite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘ Turquoise
Formula: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Description: Occurs in veinlets with alunite in the oxidized capping over the sulfide orebody.
ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘCopper1.AA.05Cu
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘEnargite2.KA.05Cu3AsS4
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘTenorite4.AB.10CuO
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘvar. Specularite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAnhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
ⓘBrochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘLindgrenite7.GB.05Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
ⓘFerrimolybdite7.GB.30Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘTurquoise8.DD.15CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
ⓘTorbernite8.EB.05Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘMontmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘChrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
Unclassified
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Hⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Hⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Hⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Oⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oⓘ CupriteCu2O
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Oⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Oⓘ TenoriteCuO
Oⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Oⓘ Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Alⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Pⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
FeIron
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Feⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Hematite var. SpeculariteFe2O3
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ CupriteCu2O
Cuⓘ CopperCu
Cuⓘ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Cuⓘ LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ TenoriteCuO
Cuⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cuⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O
Cuⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ EnargiteCu3AsS4
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Moⓘ LindgreniteCu3(MoO4)2(OH)2
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
UUranium
Uⓘ TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O

Other Databases

Link to USGS MRDS:10039594

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Mexico
North America
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This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039594, MRDS ID #M050391; and, Dep. ID #10186590, MAS ID #0040190003.
The Resources of Arizona - A Manual of Reliable Information Concerning the Territory, compiled by Patrick Hamilton (1881), Scottsdale, AZ: 47.
Anderson, C.A., and Kupfer, D.H. (1945) Report on the properties of the Amargosa Molybdenum and Copper Corporation, Pima County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report [unnumbered], 20 p., 8 sheets.
U.S. Department of the Interior War Mineral Report. No. 405 (1945) Esperanza Property, Pima County, Arizona.
Tainter, S.L. (1947b), Amargosa (Esperanza) molybdenum-copper property, Pima County, Arizona, U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 4016.
Schmidt, H.A., et al (1959), Disseminated deposits at the Esperanza copper mine, in Southern Arizona Guidebook II, Arizona Geological Society Digest: 2: 205.
Kirkemo, H., Anderson, C.A., and Creasey, S.C. (1965), Investigations of Molybdenum Deposits in the Conterminous United States 1942-60, Contributions to Economic Geology, USGS Bull. 1182-E: E12-E13.
Lynch, Dean W. (1966) The Economic Geology of the Esperanza Mine and Vicinity. In Geology of the Porphyry Copper Deposits. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. p.267-280.
Engineering and Mining Journal (1970) Duval Dedicates the Sierrita Open pit: July, 1970.
Engineering and Mining Journal (1970) Sierrita Makes it with Big Equipment: August, 1970.
Keith, Stanton B. (1974), Arizona Bureau of Geology & Mineral Technology, Geological Survey Branch Bull. 189, Index of Mining Properties in Pima County, Arizona: 135 (Table 4).
Aiken, D.M., and West, R.J. (1978) Some geologic aspects of the Sierrita-Esperanza copper-molybdenum deposit, Pima County, Arizona, in Jenney, J.P., and Hauck, H.R., eds., Proceedings of the Porphyry Copper Symposium, Tucson, Arizona, March 18-20, 1976: Arizona Geological Society Digest: 11: 117-128.
Mining Annual Review (1985): 55, 94 & 329.
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Anthony, John W., Williams, Sidney A., Bideaux, Richard A., Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155
(n.d.) ADMMR Mines Database, Arizona Geological Survey.
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